---
title: All below is burnished copper, All above is burnished silver Gemmed… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: All below is burnished copper, All above is burnished silver Gemmed with amethyst and agates. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 2, sentence 35

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All below is burnished copper, All above is burnished silver Gemmed with amethyst and agates.

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**What happens:** burnish, gem · **To what, where:** burnished copper

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:19:35
# text = All below is burnished copper, All above is burnished silver Gemmed with amethyst and agates.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
2	below	below	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	burnished	burnish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
8	above	above	ADV	RB	_	7	amod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	burnished	burnish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	Gemmed	gem	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	amethyst	amethyst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	agates	agate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burnish** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | below *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **burnish** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **gem** | participle · passive |  | all burnished copper |  |  |  | with amethyst and agates; all burnished silver *nsubj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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