---
title: Lord Kames, in his "Elements of Criticism." says, "Many attempts hav… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: Lord Kames, in his "Elements of Criticism." says, "Many attempts have been made to introduce Hexameter verse into the living languages, but without success. Who acts: Lord, Many attempts. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Sea-gull, the Ojibwa Legend of the Pictur
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, The Sea-gull, the Ojibwa Legend of the Pictured Rocks of Lake Superior., sentence 39

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Lord Kames, in his "Elements of Criticism." says, "Many attempts have been made to introduce Hexameter verse into the living languages, but without success.

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**Who acts:** Lord, Many attempts · **What happens:** say, make, introduce · **To what, where:** Many attempts, Hexameter verse, living languages · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Sea-gull, the Ojibwa Legend of the Pictured Rocks of Lake Superior.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord, Many attempts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:2:40
# text = Lord Kames, in his "Elements of Criticism." says, "Many attempts have been made to introduce Hexameter verse into the living languages, but without success.
1	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
2	Kames	Kames	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Elements	element	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Criticism	Criticism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
12	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	attempts	attempt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	ccomp	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	introduce	introduce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
22	Hexameter	hexameter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	verse	verse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	into	into	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	without	without	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	success	success	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Lord and metre's Elements of Criticism |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | Many attempts |  |  |  | without success | tree rules |
| 3 | **introduce** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | Many attempts *not said here* | Hexameter verse |  | the living languages |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent verse=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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