---
title: I could hear that it fell into the water, and notwithstanding it was… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: I could hear that it fell into the water, and notwithstanding it was of so small a size, it caused an astonishing and horrible noise that reverberated through all those gloomy regions. Who acts: I, pebble, horrible noise. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Meas
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 145

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I could hear that it fell into the water, and notwithstanding it was of so small a size, it caused an astonishing and horrible noise that reverberated through all those gloomy regions.

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**Who acts:** I, pebble, horrible noise · **What happens:** hear, fall, notwithstand, be, cause, reverberate · **To what, where:** water, astonishing, gloomy regions

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, pebble, horrible noise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:20:145
# text = I could hear that it fell into the water, and notwithstanding it was of so small a size, it caused an astonishing and horrible noise that reverberated through all those gloomy regions.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	notwithstanding	notwithstand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	ccomp	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	parataxis	_	_
23	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	astonishing	astonishing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	horrible	horrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
29	reverberated	reverberate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	_
30	through	through	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
31	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	34	det:predet	_	_
32	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	34	det	_	_
33	gloomy	gloomy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | could | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **fall** | past | pebble |  |  |  |  | into the water *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into water=Result |
| 3 | **notwithstand** | gerund | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past | pebble |  |  |  |  | a size *nsubj*; small *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **cause** | past | pebble | a astonishing and horrible noise |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition astonishing=Patient |
| 6 | **reverberate** | past | horrible noise |  |  | all gloomy regions |  |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through region=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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