---
title: Many years ago the roof fell in, but the cave has been partially res… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: Many years ago the roof fell in, but the cave has been partially restored and is now used as a beer cellar.] Who acts: roof. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 150

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Many years ago the roof fell in, but the cave has been partially restored and is now used as a beer cellar.\]

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**Who acts:** roof · **What happens:** fall in, restore, use · **To what, where:** cave

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (roof), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:20:150
# text = Many years ago the roof fell in, but the cave has been partially restored and is now used as a beer cellar.]
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
13	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	aux:pass	_	_
14	partially	partially	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	restored	restore	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
18	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	19	advmod	_	_
19	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	beer	beer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	cellar	cellar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall in** | past | the roof |  |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **restore** | present · perfect · passive |  | the cave |  |  |  | partially *property* | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **use** | present · passive |  |  |  |  | now | as a beer cellar | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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