---
title: I have seen the prairies in Minnesota spangled with these beautiful… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: I have seen the prairies in Minnesota spangled with these beautiful flowers in various colors before the ground was entirely free from frost. Who acts: I, prairies, ground. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, with its dependency tree
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 167

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I have seen the prairies in Minnesota spangled with these beautiful flowers in various colors before the ground was entirely free from frost.

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**Who acts:** I, prairies, ground · **What happens:** see, spangle, be · **To what, where:** various colors, frost · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, prairies, ground), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:20:167
# text = I have seen the prairies in Minnesota spangled with these beautiful flowers in various colors before the ground was entirely free from frost.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	prairies	prairie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Minnesota	Minnesota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	spangled	spangle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
11	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	various	various	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	colors	color	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	acl	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **spangle** | past | the prairies in Minnesota |  |  |  |  | with this beautiful flowers in various colors | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past | the ground | various colors *not said here* |  | frost |  | entirely, free *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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