---
title: The principal village of these hereditary Chiefs was Ke-úk-sa, or Ke… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: The principal village of these hereditary Chiefs was Ke-úk-sa, or Ke-ó-sa,--where now stands the fair city of Winona. Who acts: principal village. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 40

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The principal village of these hereditary Chiefs was Ke-úk-sa, or Ke-ó-sa,--where now stands the fair city of Winona.

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**Who acts:** principal village · **What happens:** be, stand · **To what, where:** Ke úk sa, fair city

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (principal village), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:20:40
# text = The principal village of these hereditary Chiefs was Ke-úk-sa, or Ke-ó-sa,--where now stands the fair city of Winona.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
6	hereditary	hereditary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Chiefs	Chief	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
9	Ke	Ke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	úk	úk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	sa	sa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
16	Ke	Ke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	ó	ó	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	sa	sa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	25	advmod	_	_
24	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	25	advmod	_	_
25	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	parataxis	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Winona	Winona	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the principal village of this hereditary Chiefs | Ke úk sa or Ke ó sa |  |  |  | Ke ó sa *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** | present |  | the fair city of Winona |  |  | now |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer city=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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