---
title: The Dakotas say that, in olden times, white bears were often found a… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: The Dakotas say that, in olden times, white bears were often found about Rainy Lake and the Lake of the Woods, in winter, and sometimes as far south as the mouth of the Minnesota. Who acts: Dakotas. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 55

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The Dakotas say that, in olden times, white bears were often found about Rainy Lake and the Lake of the Woods, in winter, and sometimes as far south as the mouth of the Minnesota.

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**Who acts:** Dakotas · **What happens:** say, find · **To what, where:** olden times · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dakotas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:20:55
# text = The Dakotas say that, in olden times, white bears were often found about Rainy Lake and the Lake of the Woods, in winter, and sometimes as far south as the mouth of the Minnesota.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Dakotas	dakota	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	olden	olden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
13	often	often	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
15	about	about	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	Rainy	Rainy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	Woods	Woods	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
29	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	32	advmod	_	_
30	as	as	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	32	advmod	_	_
32	south	south	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
33	as	as	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	Minnesota	Minnesota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Dakotas |  |  |  |  | south *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **find** | past · passive |  | olden times and white bears |  |  | winter | about Rainy Lake and the Lake of the Woods; often *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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