---
title: In winter Wa-zí-ya advances southward and drives "I-tó-ka-ga Wi-câs-… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: In winter Wa-zí-ya advances southward and drives "I-tó-ka-ga Wi-câs-ta" before him to the Summer-Islands. Who acts: ya advances, I, tó ka. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 6

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In winter Wa-zí-ya advances southward and drives "I-tó-ka-ga Wi-câs-ta" before him to the Summer-Islands.

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**Who acts:** ya advances, I, tó ka · **What happens:** drive, ka, ta · **To what, where:** Summer Islands, ya advances · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ya advances, I, tó ka), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:20:6
# text = In winter Wa-zí-ya advances southward and drives "I-tó-ka-ga Wi-câs-ta" before him to the Summer-Islands.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
3	Wa	Wa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	zí	zí	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	ya	ya	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	advances	advance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
9	southward	southward	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	drives	drive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	tó	tó	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	ka	ka	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	ga	ga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
20	Wi	Wi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	câs	câs	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	ta	ta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	_
26	before	before	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
30	Summer	Summer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	Islands	Island	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | present | ya advances in winter *not said here* |  |  | the Summer Islands | before ga | southward *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent to island=Trajectory |
| 2 | **ka** *in a quote* |  | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **ta** *in a quote* |  | tó ka |  |  |  |  | ga *nsubj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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