---
title: The Hohés are called "Stone roasters," because, until recently at le… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: The Hohés are called "Stone roasters," because, until recently at least, they used "Wa-ta-pe" kettles and vessels made of birch bark in which they cooked their food. Who acts: roasters. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, with its de
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 61

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The Hohés are called "Stone roasters," because, until recently at least, they used "Wa-ta-pe" kettles and vessels made of birch bark in which they cooked their food.

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**Who acts:** roasters · **What happens:** call, use, make, cook · **To what, where:** Hohés, pe kettles, vessels, food · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (roasters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:20:61
# text = The Hohés are called "Stone roasters," because, until recently at least, they used "Wa-ta-pe" kettles and vessels made of birch bark in which they cooked their food.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Hohés	Hohés	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Stone	stone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	roasters	roaster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
10	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
12	until	until	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	recently	recently	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
19	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Wa	Wa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	ta	ta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	pe	pe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	_
26	kettles	kettle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
29	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	acl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	birch	birch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	36	obl	_	_
35	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	cooked	cook	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	acl:relcl	_	_
37	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | the Hohés |  |  |  | Stone roasters *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **use** | past | roasters *= roaster* | pe kettles and vessels |  |  |  | recently *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kettle=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  | vessels *not said here* |  |  |  | of birch bark | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **cook** | past | roasters *= roaster* | roasters's food |  |  |  | in birch bark | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent food=Patient in which=Instrument |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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