---
title: This is done with flint and steel, or by rubbing together pieces of… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: This is done with flint and steel, or by rubbing together pieces of wood till friction produces fire. Who acts: friction. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 79

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This is done with flint and steel, or by rubbing together pieces of wood till friction produces fire.

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**Who acts:** friction · **What happens:** do, rub, produce · **To what, where:** This, pieces, fire

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friction), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:20:79
# text = This is done with flint and steel, or by rubbing together pieces of wood till friction produces fire.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	flint	flint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	rubbing	rub	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
12	together	together	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
17	friction	friction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	produces	produce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
19	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present · passive |  | This |  |  |  | with flint and steel | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 2 | **rub** | gerund |  | pieces of wood |  |  |  | together *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent piece=Theme |
| 3 | **produce** | present | friction | fire |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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