--- title: Some Dakotas say that the numerous granite boulders, scattered over… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics description: Some Dakotas say that the numerous granite boulders, scattered over the prairies of Minnesota and Dakota, were hurled in battle by Wa-zí-ya from his home in the North at "I-tó-ka-ga Wi-câs-ta." Who acts: Dakotas, Wa zí ya. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Mea --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/20/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends of the Northwest](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/) / [In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/20/) / 8 # Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 8 Some Dakotas say that the numerous granite boulders, scattered over the prairies of Minnesota and Dakota, were hurled in battle by Wa-zí-ya from his home in the North at "I-tó-ka-ga Wi-câs-ta." **Who acts:** Dakotas, Wa zí ya · **What happens:** say, scatter, hurl · **To what, where:** numerous granite boulders, prairies, battle · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dakotas, Wa zí ya), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg8122:20:8 # text = Some Dakotas say that the numerous granite boulders, scattered over the prairies of Minnesota and Dakota, were hurled in battle by Wa-zí-ya from his home in the North at "I-tó-ka-ga Wi-câs-ta." 1 Some some DET DT PronType=Ind 2 det _ _ 2 Dakotas dakota NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 6 numerous numerous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 7 granite granite NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 boulders boulder NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 scattered scatter VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 acl _ _ 11 over over ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 prairies prairie NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 14 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 Minnesota Minnesota PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 Dakota Dakota PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 19 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux:pass _ _ 20 hurled hurl VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 ccomp _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 battle battle NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 23 by by ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 24 Wa Wa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 25 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 24 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 26 zí zí NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 27 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 26 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 28 ya ya NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 29 from from ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 home home NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 North North PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 nmod _ _ 35 at at ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 36 " " PUNCT `` _ 41 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 37 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 38 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 37 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 39 tó tó NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 40 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 39 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 41 ka ka NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 42 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 41 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 43 ga ga PROPN NNP Number=Sing 48 compound _ _ 44 Wi Wi PROPN NNP Number=Sing 43 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 45 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 46 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 46 câs câs NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 47 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 46 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 48 ta ta NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 49 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 50 " " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | some Dakotas | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **scatter** | participle | | the numerous granite boulders *not said here* | | the prairies of Minnesota and Dakota | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme over prairie=Destination | | 3 | **hurl** | past · passive | Wa zí ya from ga's home in the North | the numerous granite boulders | | battle | | ga câs ta at tó ka I *parataxis* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/20/7/) - next →: [sentence 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/20/9/) - ↑ back to [In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/20/)