---
title: [Footnote 23: This stone from which the Dakotas have made their pipe… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: [Footnote 23: This stone from which the Dakotas have made their pipes for ages, is esteemed "wakân"--sacred. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3, sentence 89

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\[Footnote 23: This stone from which the Dakotas have made their pipes for ages, is esteemed "wakân"--sacred.

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**What happens:** make, esteem · **To what, where:** Dakotas, stone, Footnote

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:20:89
# text = [Footnote 23: This stone from which the Dakotas have made their pipes for ages, is esteemed "wakân"--sacred.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Footnote	footnote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	23	23	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Dakotas	dakota	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	pipes	pipe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	ages	age	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	esteemed	esteem	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
20	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	wakân	wakân	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	sacred	sacred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · perfect · passive |  | the Dakotas |  | this stone | for ages | Dakotas's pipes *obj* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP PP»: subject=Beneficiary pipe=Product from which=Material |
| 2 | **esteem** | present · passive |  | Footnote |  |  |  | wakân *obj* | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme wakân=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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