---
title: I suspect he was the chief spirit of the Dakotas before the missiona… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: I suspect he was the chief spirit of the Dakotas before the missionaries imported "Wakan Tânka"--(Great Spirit).] Who acts: I, Minn, missionaries. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, sentence 10

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I suspect he was the chief spirit of the Dakotas before the missionaries imported "Wakan Tânka"--(Great Spirit).\]

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**Who acts:** I, Minn, missionaries · **What happens:** suspect, be, import · **To what, where:** chief spirit, Wakan

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Minn, missionaries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:21:10
# text = I suspect he was the chief spirit of the Dakotas before the missionaries imported "Wakan Tânka"--(Great Spirit).]
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	suspect	suspect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	chief	chief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Dakotas	dakota	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	missionaries	missionary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	imported	import	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Wakan	Wakan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	Tânka	Tânka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	Spirit	Spirit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suspect** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Minn | the chief spirit |  |  |  | of the Dakotas | tree rules |
| 3 | **import** | past | the missionaries | Wakan and Great Spirit |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wakan=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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