---
title: The Rev. S. R. Riggs who, for forty years, has been a student of Dak… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: The Rev. S. R. Riggs who, for forty years, has been a student of Dakota customs, superstitions etc., says, "Tâhkoo Wahkan," p. 55: et seq. " Who acts: R. Riggs, Tâhkoo. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, with its dependency tree and
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, sentence 103

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The Rev. S. R. Riggs who, for forty years, has been a student of Dakota customs, superstitions etc., says, "Tâhkoo Wahkan," p. 55: et seq. "

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**Who acts:** R. Riggs, Tâhkoo · **What happens:** be, say · **To what, where:** student · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (R. Riggs, Tâhkoo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:21:103
# text = The Rev. S. R. Riggs who, for forty years, has been a student of Dakota customs, superstitions etc., says, "Tâhkoo Wahkan," p. 55: et seq. "
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	Rev.	Rev.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:desc	_	_
3	S.	S.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	R.	R.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Riggs	Riggs	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	forty	forty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
12	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
13	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	student	student	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	ccomp	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	customs	custom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	superstitions	superstition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
21	etc.	etc.	NOUN	FW	Abbr=Yes|Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
23	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	Tâhkoo	Tâhkoo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
27	Wahkan	Wahkan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	_
30	p.	P.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod:unmarked	_	_
31	55	55	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
33	et	et	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	34	compound	_	_
34	seq	seq	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	34	punct	_	_
36	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present · perfect | the R. Riggs  Rev.  a student | a student |  |  |  | of Dakota customs and superstitions and etc. | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Tâhkoo |  |  |  |  | et seq *ccomp* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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