---
title: Minnehaha is a combination of two Dakota words--Mini--water and Ha-H… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: Minnehaha is a combination of two Dakota words--Mini--water and Ha-Ha--Falls; but it is not the name by which the Dakotas designated that cataract. Who acts: Minnehaha, name, Dakotas. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, with its depe
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, sentence 127

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Minnehaha is a combination of two Dakota words--Mini--water and Ha-Ha--Falls; but it is not the name by which the Dakotas designated that cataract.

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**Who acts:** Minnehaha, name, Dakotas · **What happens:** be, not be, designate · **To what, where:** combination, name, cataract

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Minnehaha, name, Dakotas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:21:127
# text = Minnehaha is a combination of two Dakota words--Mini--water and Ha-Ha--Falls; but it is not the name by which the Dakotas designated that cataract.
1	Minnehaha	Minnehaha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	combination	combination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Mini	Mini	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	Ha	Ha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Ha	Ha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Falls	Falls	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
26	by	by	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	obl	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	Dakotas	dakota	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj	_	_
30	designated	designate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	acl:relcl	_	_
31	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
32	cataract	cataract	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Minnehaha | a combination but the name |  |  |  | of two Dakota words | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | present | name | the name |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **designate** | past | the Dakotas | cataract |  |  |  | by the name | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cataract=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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