---
title: Each stone is painted black on one side and red on the other; on one… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: Each stone is painted black on one side and red on the other; on one side they grave certain figures which make the stones "Wakan." Who acts: stone, certain figures. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, with its dependency tree and th
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, sentence 136

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Each stone is painted black on one side and red on the other; on one side they grave certain figures which make the stones "Wakan."

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**Who acts:** stone, certain figures · **What happens:** paint, grave, make · **To what, where:** stone, one side, certain figures, stones

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stone, certain figures), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:21:136
# text = Each stone is painted black on one side and red on the other; on one side they grave certain figures which make the stones "Wakan."
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	grave	grave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
20	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	figures	figure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
26	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	Wakan	Wakan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | present · passive |  | each stone |  | one side |  | on the other; black *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: subject=Theme on side=Destination |
| 2 | **grave** | present | stone | certain figures |  | one side |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | present | certain figures | the stones |  |  |  | Wakan *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset stone=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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