---
title: [Footnote 81: The Wicâstâpi Wakânpi (literally, _men supernatural_)… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: [Footnote 81: The Wicâstâpi Wakânpi (literally, _men supernatural_) are the "Medicine-men" or Magicians of the Dakotas. Who acts: Footnote. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, sentence 154

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\[Footnote 81: The Wicâstâpi Wakânpi (literally, \_men supernatural\_) are the "Medicine-men" or Magicians of the Dakotas.

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**Who acts:** Footnote · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** Medicine men

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Footnote), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:21:154
# text = [Footnote 81: The Wicâstâpi Wakânpi (literally, _men supernatural_) are the "Medicine-men" or Magicians of the Dakotas.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Footnote	footnote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
3	81	81	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Wicâstâpi	Wicâstâpi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
7	Wakânpi	Wakânpi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	compound	_	_
13	supernatural	supernatural	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
18	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	Magicians	Magician	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	21	appos	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	Dakotas	dakota	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Footnote | the Medicine men |  |  |  | Magicians of the Dakotas *appos* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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