---
title: [Footnote 63: The Dakotas, like our forefathers and all other barbar… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: [Footnote 63: The Dakotas, like our forefathers and all other barbarians, believe in witches and witchcraft.] Who acts: Dakotas. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, sentence 33

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\[Footnote 63: The Dakotas, like our forefathers and all other barbarians, believe in witches and witchcraft.\]

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**Who acts:** Dakotas · **What happens:** believe · **To what, where:** Footnote

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dakotas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:21:33
# text = [Footnote 63: The Dakotas, like our forefathers and all other barbarians, believe in witches and witchcraft.]
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Footnote	footnote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	63	63	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Dakotas	dakota	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	forefathers	forefather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	det	_	_
13	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	barbarians	barbarian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	witches	witch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	witchcraft	witchcraft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | the Dakotas and our forefathers and all other barbarians *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in witches and witchcraft | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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