---
title: The Dakotas swear by the sun. "_As Anpé-tu-wee hears me, this is tru… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: The Dakotas swear by the sun. "_As Anpé-tu-wee hears me, this is true_!" Who acts: Dakotas, this. A sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4, sentence 74

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The Dakotas swear by the sun. "\_As Anpé-tu-wee hears me, this is true\_!"

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**Who acts:** Dakotas, this · **What happens:** swear, hear, be · **To what, where:** Dakotas · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, In the Measure of Hiawatha, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dakotas, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:21:74
# text = The Dakotas swear by the sun. "_As Anpé-tu-wee hears me, this is true_!"
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Dakotas	dakota	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	swear	swear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
10	Anpé	Anpé	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	tu	tu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	wee	wee	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	advcl	_	_
15	hears	hear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
20	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | present | the Dakotas |  |  |  |  | by the sun. | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **hear** *in a quote* | present | the Dakotas *not said here* | the Dakotas *= dakota* |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | this |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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