---
title: I sat, when the maple leaves were red, By the foaming falls of the h… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: I sat, when the maple leaves were red, By the foaming falls of the haunted river; The night sun was walking above my head, And the arrows shone in his burnished quiver; And the winds were hushed and the hour was dread With the walking ghosts of the silent dead. Who acts: I, maple leaves, foaming, ni
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/7/52/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends of the Northwest](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/) / [Heyóka Wacípee \[16\]--the Giant's Dance.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/7/) / 52

# Legends of the Northwest, Heyóka Wacípee \[16\]--the Giant's Dance., sentence 52

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I sat, when the maple leaves were red, By the foaming falls of the haunted river; The night sun was walking above my head, And the arrows shone in his burnished quiver; And the winds were hushed and the hour was dread With the walking ghosts of the silent dead.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, maple leaves, foaming, night sun, arrows, sun · **What happens:** sit, be, fall, haunt, walk, shine · **To what, where:** head, burnished quiver, winds, hour

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Heyóka Wacípee \[16\]--the Giant's Dance.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, maple leaves, foaming, night sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:7:52
# text = I sat, when the maple leaves were red, By the foaming falls of the haunted river; The night sun was walking above my head, And the arrows shone in his burnished quiver; And the winds were hushed and the hour was dread With the walking ghosts of the silent dead.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	maple	maple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	foaming	foaming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	haunted	haunt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
20	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	walking	walk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
25	above	above	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj	_	_
32	shone	shine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
35	burnished	burnish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	amod	_	_
36	quiver	quiver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	42	punct	_	_
38	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nsubj:pass	_	_
41	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	aux:pass	_	_
42	hushed	hush	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nsubj:pass	_	_
46	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	47	aux:pass	_	_
47	dread	drea	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	42	conj	_	_
48	With	with	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
50	walking	walking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	compound	_	_
51	ghosts	ghost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	obl	_	_
52	of	of	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
54	silent	silent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	55	amod	_	_
55	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the maple leaves |  |  |  |  | red *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **fall** | present | the foaming |  |  |  |  | of the haunted river | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme of river=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **haunt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **walk** | past · progressive | the night sun |  |  | my head |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above head=Trajectory |
| 6 | **shine** | past | the arrows |  |  | sun's burnished quiver |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in quiver=Location |
| 7 | **burnish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **hush** | past · passive |  | the winds |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 9 | **drea** | past · passive |  | the hour |  |  |  | with the walking ghosts of the silent dead | tree rules |
| 10 | **quiver** |  | sun |  |  |  |  |  | nom quiver «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/7/51/)
- next →: [sentence 53](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/7/53/)
- ↑ back to [Heyóka Wacípee \[16\]--the Giant's Dance.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8122/7/)