---
title: Wakâwa thought of his daughter's words Ere the south-wind came and t… — Legends of the Northwest · tree and pragmatics
description: Wakâwa thought of his daughter's words Ere the south-wind came and the piping birds-- "My Father, listen,--my words are true," And sad was her voice as the whippowil When she mourns her mate by the moon-lit rill, "Wiwâstè lingers alone with you; The rest are sleeping on yonder hill-- Save one--and h
---

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# Legends of the Northwest, The Feast of the Virgins., part 1, sentence 42

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Wakâwa thought of his daughter's words Ere the south-wind came and the piping birds-- "My Father, listen,--my words are true," And sad was her voice as the whippowil When she mourns her mate by the moon-lit rill, "Wiwâstè lingers alone with you; The rest are sleeping on yonder hill-- Save one--and he an undutiful son,-- And you, my Father, will sit alone When Sisóka \[53\] sings and the snow is gone."

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**Who acts:** Wakâwa, Ere, words, Wiwâstè, rest, you · **What happens:** think, come, listen, be, mourn, lit · **To what, where:** piping birds, sad voice, mate, hill, one · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, The Feast of the Virgins., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wakâwa, Ere, words, Wiwâstè), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8122:8:42
# text = Wakâwa thought of his daughter's words Ere the south-wind came and the piping birds-- "My Father, listen,--my words are true," And sad was her voice as the whippowil When she mourns her mate by the moon-lit rill, "Wiwâstè lingers alone with you; The rest are sleeping on yonder hill-- Save one--and he an undutiful son,-- And you, my Father, will sit alone When Sisóka [53] sings and the snow is gone."
1	Wakâwa	Wakâwa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
8	Ere	Ere	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
13	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	piping	piping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	Father	Father	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	listen	listen	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	21	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
28	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
29	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
32	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
33	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
34	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
35	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
37	as	as	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	whippowil	whippowil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
40	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	42	advmod	_	_
41	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
42	mourns	mourn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
43	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
44	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obj	_	_
45	by	by	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
47	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	47	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	lit	lit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	50	amod	_	_
50	rill	rill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
52	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	54	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	Wiwâstè	Wiwâstè	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	54	nsubj	_	_
54	lingers	linger	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	42	conj	_	_
55	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	54	advmod	_	_
56	with	with	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
57	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	54	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	62	punct	_	_
59	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	60	det	_	_
60	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	nsubj	_	_
61	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	62	aux	_	_
62	sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	ccomp	_	_
63	on	on	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
64	yonder	yonder	ADV	RB	_	65	advmod	_	_
65	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	67	punct	_	_
67	Save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	62	conj	_	_
68	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	67	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
69	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	74	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
70	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	74	cc	_	_
71	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	74	nsubj	_	_
72	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	74	det	_	_
73	undutiful	undutiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	74	amod	_	_
74	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
75	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	84	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
76	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	84	punct	_	_
77	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	84	cc	_	_
78	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	84	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
79	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	81	punct	_	_
80	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	81	nmod:poss	_	_
81	Father	Father	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	78	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
82	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	81	punct	_	_
83	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	84	aux	_	_
84	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	74	appos	_	_
85	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	84	advmod	_	_
86	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	91	mark	_	_
87	Sisóka	Sisóka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	91	nsubj	_	_
88	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	89	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
89	53	53	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	87	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
90	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	89	punct	_	_
91	sings	sing	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	84	advcl	_	_
92	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	96	cc	_	_
93	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	94	det	_	_
94	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	96	nsubj	_	_
95	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	96	cop	_	_
96	gone	gone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	91	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
97	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	84	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
98	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	84	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | past | Wakâwa |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | past | Ere | the piping birds and Ere's sad voice |  |  |  | of Wakâwa's daughter's words | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bird=Theme |
| 3 | **listen** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | my words |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** *speech: other* | past | Ere *not said here* | Ere's sad voice |  |  |  | as the whippowil; Ere *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 6 | **mourn** | present | Ere | Ere's mate |  |  |  | by the lit rill | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mate=Stimulus |
| 7 | **lit** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | moon *compound* | tree rules |
| 8 | **linger** *in a quote* | present | Wiwâstè |  |  |  |  | with you; alone *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **sleep** *in a quote* | present · progressive | the rest |  |  | hill |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 10 | **save** *in a quote* | infinitive | the rest *not said here* | one |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 11 | **son** *in a quote* |  | rest |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 12 | **sit** *in a quote* | future | you |  |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 13 | **sing** *speech: express* *in a quote* | present | Sisóka |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |
| 14 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the snow |  |  |  |  | gone *property* | tree rules |
| 15 | **word** |  | Wakâwa's daughter |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 16 | **word** *in a quote* |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the Northwest» by Hanford Lennox Gordon, Project Gutenberg book 8122 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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