---
title: Still costlier sorts of incense,—veritable luxuries,—take the form o… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Still costlier sorts of incense,—veritable luxuries,—take the form of lozenges, wafers, pastilles; and a small envelope of such material may be worth four or five pounds-sterling. Who acts: small envelope. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening, with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 110

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Still costlier sorts of incense,—veritable luxuries,—take the form of lozenges, wafers, pastilles; and a small envelope of such material may be worth four or five pounds-sterling.

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**Who acts:** small envelope · **What happens:** take, be, sort, form · **To what, where:** form, costlier sorts, incense, lozenges

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (small envelope), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:111
# text = Still costlier sorts of incense,—veritable luxuries,—take the form of lozenges, wafers, pastilles; and a small envelope of such material may be worth four or five pounds-sterling.
1	Still	still	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	costlier	costly	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	sorts	sort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	veritable	veritable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	luxuries	luxury	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	appos	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	lozenges	lozenge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	wafers	wafer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	pastilles	pastille	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	envelope	envelope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
29	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
30	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	cop	_	_
31	worth	worth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	parataxis	_	_
32	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	35	nummod	_	_
33	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	32	conj	_	_
35	pounds	pound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	sterling	sterling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | infinitive |  | the form of lozenges and wafers and pastilles |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | may | a small envelope of such material |  |  |  |  | four pounds and sterling *obj*; worth *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **sort** |  |  | incense |  |  |  |  | nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **form** |  |  | lozenges and wafers and pastilles |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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