---
title: Of course the mere compilation of materials for a history of mixed-i… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Of course the mere compilation of materials for a history of mixed-incenses would entail the study of a host of documents, treatises, and books,—particularly of such strange works as the _Kun-Shū-Rui-Shō_, or “Incense-Collector’s Classifying-Manual”;—containing the teachings of the Ten Schools of th
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 122

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Of course the mere compilation of materials for a history of mixed-incenses would entail the study of a host of documents, treatises, and books,—particularly of such strange works as the \_Kun-Shū-Rui-Shō\_, or “Incense-Collector’s Classifying-Manual”;—containing the teachings of the Ten Schools of the Art of Mixing Incense; directions as to the best seasons for incense-making; and instructions about the “\_different kinds of fire\_” to be used for burning incense—(one kind is called “literary fire,” and another “military fire”); together with rules for pressing the ashes of a censer into various artistic designs corresponding to season and occasion….

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**Who acts:** such strange, best seasons, burning incense, rules, various artistic designs · **What happens:** mix, entail, work, classify, contain, make · **To what, where:** study, Manual, teachings, one kind, ashes, various artistic designs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (such strange, best seasons, burning incense, rules), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:123
# text = Of course the mere compilation of materials for a history of mixed-incenses would entail the study of a host of documents, treatises, and books,—particularly of such strange works as the _Kun-Shū-Rui-Shō_, or “Incense-Collector’s Classifying-Manual”;—containing the teachings of the Ten Schools of the Art of Mixing Incense; directions as to the best seasons for incense-making; and instructions about the “_different kinds of fire_” to be used for burning incense—(one kind is called “literary fire,” and another “military fire”); together with rules for pressing the ashes of a censer into various artistic designs corresponding to season and occasion….
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	fixed	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	mere	mere	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	compilation	compilation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	materials	material	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	incenses	incense	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
15	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	entail	entail	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	documents	document	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	treatises	treatise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	particularly	particularly	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
32	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
33	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	nsubj	_	_
35	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	parataxis	_	_
36	as	as	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	Kun	Kun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	Shū	Shū	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	43	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	Rui	Rui	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	45	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	Shō	Shō	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
48	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
49	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	52	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	Incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	50	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	Collector	collector	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	’s	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	conj	_	_
54	Classifying	classify	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	53	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	56	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	Manual	manual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	54	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	56	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	60	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	containing	contain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
61	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	62	det	_	_
62	teachings	teaching	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	60	obj	_	_
63	of	of	ADP	IN	_	66	case	_	_
64	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	66	det	_	_
65	Ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	66	nummod	_	_
66	Schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	62	nmod	_	_
67	of	of	ADP	IN	_	69	case	_	_
68	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	69	det	_	_
69	Art	Art	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	66	nmod	_	_
70	of	of	ADP	IN	_	72	case	_	_
71	Mixing	Mixing	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	72	compound	_	_
72	Incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	69	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
73	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	74	punct	_	_
74	directions	direction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
75	as	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	79	case	_	_
76	to	to	ADP	IN	_	75	fixed	_	_
77	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	79	det	_	_
78	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	79	amod	_	_
79	seasons	season	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	74	nmod	_	_
80	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	83	mark	_	_
81	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	83	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
82	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	81	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
83	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	79	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
84	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	89	punct	_	_
85	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	89	cc	_	_
86	instructions	instruction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	89	nsubj	_	_
87	about	about	ADP	IN	_	89	case	_	_
88	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	89	det	_	_
89	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
90	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	92	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
91	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	92	amod	_	_
92	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	89	appos	_	_
93	of	of	ADP	IN	_	94	case	_	_
94	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	92	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
95	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	92	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
96	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	92	punct	_	_
97	to	to	PART	TO	_	99	mark	_	_
98	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	99	aux:pass	_	_
99	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	89	advcl	_	_
100	for	for	ADP	IN	_	102	case	_	_
101	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	102	amod	_	_
102	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	99	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
103	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	108	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
104	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	108	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
105	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	106	nummod	_	_
106	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	108	nsubj:pass	_	_
107	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	108	aux:pass	_	_
108	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	102	acl	_	_
109	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	111	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
110	literary	literary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	111	amod	_	_
111	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	108	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
112	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	111	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
113	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	111	punct	_	_
114	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	118	cc	_	_
115	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	118	det	_	_
116	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	118	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
117	military	military	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	118	amod	_	_
118	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	111	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
119	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	111	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
120	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	108	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
121	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	124	punct	_	_
122	together	together	ADV	RB	_	124	advmod	_	_
123	with	with	ADP	IN	_	124	case	_	_
124	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	99	parataxis	_	_
125	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	126	mark	_	_
126	pressing	press	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	124	acl	_	_
127	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	128	det	_	_
128	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	126	obj	_	_
129	of	of	ADP	IN	_	131	case	_	_
130	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	131	det	_	_
131	censer	censer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	128	nmod	_	_
132	into	into	ADP	IN	_	135	case	_	_
133	various	various	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	135	amod	_	_
134	artistic	artistic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	135	amod	_	_
135	designs	design	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	126	obl	_	_
136	corresponding	correspond	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	135	acl	_	_
137	to	to	PART	TO	_	138	mark	_	_
138	season	season	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	136	obj	_	_
139	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	140	cc	_	_
140	occasion	occasion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	138	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
141	….	..	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mix** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **entail** | would |  | the study of a host of documents and treatises |  |  |  | of the mere compilation of materials for a history of mixed incenses; books *obl*; directions as the best seasons *obl*; instructions *nsubj*; different kinds of fire *appos* | tree rules |
| 3 | **work** | present | such strange |  |  |  |  | as the Kun and Shū; particularly *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.attribute PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent as kun=Attribute |
| 4 | **classify** *in a quote* | gerund | such strange *not said here* | Manual |  |  |  |  | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent manual=Theme |
| 5 | **contain** | gerund |  | the teachings of the Ten Schools of the Art of Mixing Incense |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot teaching=Theme |
| 6 | **make** | gerund | the best seasons *not said here* |  |  |  |  | incense *compound* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 7 | **use** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  | for burning incense; rules *parataxis* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» |
| 8 | **burn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **call** *speech: assert* | present · passive | burning incense *not said here* | one kind |  |  |  | literary fire and another military fire *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 10 | **press** | gerund | rules *not said here* | the ashes of a censer |  | various artistic designs |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ash=Theme |
| 11 | **correspond** | gerund | various artistic designs *not said here* |  |  |  | season |  | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 12 | **compile** |  |  | materials for a history of mixed incenses |  |  |  |  | nom compilation «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 13 | **study** |  |  | a host of documents and treatises |  |  |  |  | nom study «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 14 | **teach** |  |  | the Ten Schools of the Art of Mixing Incense |  |  |  |  | nom teaching «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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