---
title: A special chapter should certainly be given to the incense-bags (_ku… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: A special chapter should certainly be given to the incense-bags (_kusadama_) hung up in houses to drive away goblins,—and to the smaller incense-bags formerly carried about the person as a protection against evil spirits. Who acts: incense bags. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Op
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 123

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A special chapter should certainly be given to the incense-bags (\_kusadama\_) hung up in houses to drive away goblins,—and to the smaller incense-bags formerly carried about the person as a protection against evil spirits.

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**Who acts:** incense bags · **What happens:** give, hang up, drive away, carry · **To what, where:** special chapter, houses, goblins, smaller incense bags

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (incense bags), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:124
# text = A special chapter should certainly be given to the incense-bags (_kusadama_) hung up in houses to drive away goblins,—and to the smaller incense-bags formerly carried about the person as a protection against evil spirits.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	chapter	chapter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	advcl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	kusadama	kusadama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	_
18	hung	hang	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	up	up	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	drive	drive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	advcl	_	_
24	away	away	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
25	goblins	goblin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
31	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	34	amod	_	_
32	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	_
35	formerly	formerly	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
36	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
37	about	about	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
40	as	as	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	protection	protection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
43	against	against	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | should · passive |  | a special chapter |  |  |  | certainly *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **hang up** | past | the incense bags |  |  | houses |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in house=Location |
| 3 | **drive away** | to-infinitive | the incense bags *not said here* | goblins |  |  |  | away *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goblin=Theme |
| 4 | **carry** | past | the incense bags *not said here* |  |  | the smaller incense bags |  | about the person; as a protection; against evil spirits; formerly *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to bag=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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