---
title: These are for the use of pious wayfarers, who pause before every Bud… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: These are for the use of pious wayfarers, who pause before every Buddhist image on their path to repeat a brief prayer and, when possible, to set a few rods smouldering at the feet of the statue. Who acts: These, use, few rods. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening, with its de
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 135

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These are for the use of pious wayfarers, who pause before every Buddhist image on their path to repeat a brief prayer and, when possible, to set a few rods smouldering at the feet of the statue.

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**Who acts:** These, use, few rods · **What happens:** be, pause, repeat, set, smoulder · **To what, where:** path, brief prayer, few rods, feet

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, use, few rods), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:137
# text = These are for the use of pious wayfarers, who pause before every Buddhist image on their path to repeat a brief prayer and, when possible, to set a few rods smouldering at the feet of the statue.
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	pious	pious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	wayfarers	wayfarer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	pause	pause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
12	before	before	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
14	Buddhist	buddhist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	repeat	repeat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	brief	brief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	27	mark	_	_
27	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	rods	rod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	_
34	smouldering	smoulder	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	33	acl	_	_
35	at	at	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obl	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	statue	statue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | These |  |  |  |  | for the use; of pious wayfarers | tree rules |
| 2 | **pause** | present | the use |  |  | wayfarers's path | before every Buddhist image |  | vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before image=Location |
| 3 | **repeat** | to-infinitive | the use *not said here* | a brief prayer |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prayer=Eventuality |
| 4 | **set** | to-infinitive | the use *not said here* | a few rods |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient rod=Result |
| 5 | **smoulder** | gerund | a few rods *not said here* |  |  | the feet of the statue |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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