---
title: “Incense,” declares the _Soshi-Ryaku_,[1] “is the Messenger of Earne… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: “Incense,” declares the _Soshi-Ryaku_,[1] “is the Messenger of Earnest Desire. Who acts: Incense. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 141

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“Incense,” declares the \_Soshi-Ryaku\_,\[1\] “is the Messenger of Earnest Desire.

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**Who acts:** Incense · **What happens:** declare, be · **To what, where:** Soshi, Messenger · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Incense), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:143
# text = “Incense,” declares the _Soshi-Ryaku_,[1] “is the Messenger of Earnest Desire.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	declares	declare	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Soshi	Soshi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Ryaku	Ryaku	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	1	1	NUM	LS	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	19	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	_
16	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Messenger	Messenger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	Earnest	Earnest	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	Desire	Desire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | present | Incense | the Soshi and Ryaku and the Messenger |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soshi=Attribute |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Incense *not said here* | the Messenger |  |  |  | of Earnest Desire; 1 *discourse* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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