---
title: He was wont to ascend to the roof of his house on the eve of the day… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: He was wont to ascend to the roof of his house on the eve of the day of the entertainment, and to remain standing there all night, holding a censer of precious incense. Who acts: Sudatta. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 143

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He was wont to ascend to the roof of his house on the eve of the day of the entertainment, and to remain standing there all night, holding a censer of precious incense.

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**Who acts:** Sudatta · **What happens:** be, ascend, remain, stand, hold · **To what, where:** eve, censer

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sudatta), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:145
# text = He was wont to ascend to the roof of his house on the eve of the day of the entertainment, and to remain standing there all night, holding a censer of precious incense.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	wont	wont	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	ascend	ascend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	eve	eve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	entertainment	entertainment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	remain	remain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
25	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	24	xcomp	_	_
26	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	25	advmod	_	_
27	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	28	det	_	_
28	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	advcl	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	censer	censer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	precious	precious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Sudatta |  |  |  |  | wont *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **ascend** | to-infinitive | Sudatta *not said here* |  |  | the eve of the day of the entertainment |  | to the roof of Sudatta's house | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to roof=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **remain** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **stand** | gerund |  |  |  | there | night |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **hold** | gerund |  | a censer of precious incense |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent censer=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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