---
title: In his “Hundred Writings “(_Hyaku-tsū-kiri-kami_), the Shinshū pries… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: In his “Hundred Writings “(_Hyaku-tsū-kiri-kami_), the Shinshū priest Myōden says, quoting from the Buddhist work _Kujikkajō_, or “Ninety Articles “:— Who acts: Hyaku, Shinshū priest, life. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 154

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In his “Hundred Writings “(\_Hyaku-tsū-kiri-kami\_), the Shinshū priest Myōden says, quoting from the Buddhist work \_Kujikkajō\_, or “Ninety Articles “:—

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**Who acts:** Hyaku, Shinshū priest, life · **What happens:** kami, say, quote, write · **To what, where:** Hundred Writings, Kujikkajō, Buddhist work · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hyaku, Shinshū priest, life), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:157
# text = In his “Hundred Writings “(_Hyaku-tsū-kiri-kami_), the Shinshū priest Myōden says, quoting from the Buddhist work _Kujikkajō_, or “Ninety Articles “:—
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
3	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
6	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Hyaku	Hyaku	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	tsū	tsū	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	kiri	kiri	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	kami	kami	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	Shinshū	Shinshū	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	priest	priest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
22	Myōden	Myōden	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	_
23	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	quoting	quote	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	ccomp	_	_
26	from	from	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	Buddhist	buddhist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
30	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	Kujikkajō	Kujikkajō	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
34	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
35	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	Ninety	ninety	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	37	nummod	_	_
37	Articles	article	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	parataxis	_	_
38	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kami** |  | Hyaku |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Shinshū priest |  |  | life's Hundred Writings |  | Ninety Articles *parataxis* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **quote** *speech: other* | gerund |  | Kujikkajō |  | the Buddhist work |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **write** *in a quote* |  | life |  |  |  |  |  | nom writing «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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