---
title: “In the burning of incense we see that so long as any incense remain… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: “In the burning of incense we see that so long as any incense remains, so long does the burning continue, and the smoke mount skyward. Who acts: we, incense. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 155

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“In the burning of incense we see that so long as any incense remains, so long does the burning continue, and the smoke mount skyward.

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**Who acts:** we, incense · **What happens:** see, remain, do, burn · **To what, where:** mount skyward, burning, burning continue

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, incense), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:158
# text = “In the burning of incense we see that so long as any incense remains, so long does the burning continue, and the smoke mount skyward.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	burning	burning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	nsubj	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	det	_	_
14	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	remains	remain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
19	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	22	amod	_	_
22	continue	continue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
26	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	mount	mount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	skyward	skyward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** *in a quote* | present | we | the mount skyward |  | the burning of incense |  | long *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **remain** *in a quote* | present | any incense |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **do** *in a quote* | present | we *not said here* | the burning continue |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent continue=Eventuality |
| 4 | **burn** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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