---
title: Now the breath of this body of ours,—this impermanent combination of… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Now the breath of this body of ours,—this impermanent combination of Earth, Water, Air, and Fire,—is like that smoke. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 156

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Now the breath of this body of ours,—this impermanent combination of Earth, Water, Air, and Fire,—is like that smoke.

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**What happens:** be · **To what, where:** breath

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:159
# text = Now the breath of this body of ours,—this impermanent combination of Earth, Water, Air, and Fire,—is like that smoke.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ours	our	PRON	PRP	Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
12	impermanent	impermanent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	combination	combination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Water	Water	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	Air	Air	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	Fire	Fire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
26	like	like	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	28	det	_	_
28	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | like that smoke | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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