---
title: And the changing of the incense into cold ashes when the flame expir… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: And the changing of the incense into cold ashes when the flame expires is an emblem of the changing of our bodies into ashes when our funeral pyres have burnt themselves out.” Who acts: flame, changing. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 157

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And the changing of the incense into cold ashes when the flame expires is an emblem of the changing of our bodies into ashes when our funeral pyres have burnt themselves out.”

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**Who acts:** flame, changing · **What happens:** expire, be, burnt out · **To what, where:** emblem, funeral pyres

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flame, changing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:160
# text = And the changing of the incense into cold ashes when the flame expires is an emblem of the changing of our bodies into ashes when our funeral pyres have burnt themselves out.”
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	changing	changing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	13	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	expires	expire	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	emblem	emblem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	changing	changing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
23	into	into	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
25	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	30	mark	_	_
26	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
27	funeral	funeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	pyres	pyre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	burnt	burnt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
31	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	30	obj	_	_
32	out	out	ADP	RP	_	30	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **expire** | present | the flame |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the changing of the incense into cold ashes | a emblem |  |  |  | of the changing of our bodies into ashes | tree rules |
| 3 | **burnt out** | present · perfect · passive |  | our funeral pyres |  |  |  | pyres *= pyre* *obj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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