---
title: He also tells us about that Incense-Paradise of which every believer… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: He also tells us about that Incense-Paradise of which every believer ought to be reminded by the perfume of earthly incense:—“In the Thirty-Second Vow for the Attainment of the Paradise of Wondrous Incense,” he says, “it is written: ‘_That Paradise is formed of hundreds of thousands of different kin
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 158

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He also tells us about that Incense-Paradise of which every believer ought to be reminded by the perfume of earthly incense:—“In the Thirty-Second Vow for the Attainment of the Paradise of Wondrous Incense,” he says, “it is written: ‘\_That Paradise is formed of hundreds of thousands of different kinds of incense, and of substances incalculably precious;—the beauty of it incomparably exceeds anything in the heavens or in the sphere of man;—the fragrance of it perfumes all the worlds of the Ten Directions of Space; and all who perceive that odor practise Buddha-deeds.

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**Who acts:** flame, perfume, beauty, fragrance · **What happens:** tell, remind, say, write, form, exceed · **To what, where:** us, believer, Paradise, anything, worlds, earthly incense · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flame, perfume, beauty, fragrance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:161
# text = He also tells us about that Incense-Paradise of which every believer ought to be reminded by the perfume of earthly incense:—“In the Thirty-Second Vow for the Attainment of the Paradise of Wondrous Incense,” he says, “it is written: ‘_That Paradise is formed of hundreds of thousands of different kinds of incense, and of substances incalculably precious;—the beauty of it incomparably exceeds anything in the heavens or in the sphere of man;—the fragrance of it perfumes all the worlds of the Ten Directions of Space; and all who perceive that odor practise Buddha-deeds.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
7	Incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Paradise	paradise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	obl	_	_
12	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	believer	believer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
16	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	reminded	remind	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	perfume	perfume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	earthly	earthly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	In	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
29	Thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	31	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	Second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	32	amod	_	_
32	Vow	vow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	ccomp	_	_
33	for	for	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	Attainment	attainment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	Paradise	paradise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	Wondrous	wondrous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	Incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	32	punct	_	_
44	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
45	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
47	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	50	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	50	nsubj:pass	_	_
49	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	50	aux:pass	_	_
50	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	45	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	50	punct	_	_
52	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	50	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	50	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	55	det	_	_
55	Paradise	paradise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	nsubj	_	_
56	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	57	aux:pass	_	_
57	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	50	conj	_	_
58	of	of	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
59	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	57	obl	_	_
60	of	of	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
61	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	59	nmod	_	_
62	of	of	ADP	IN	_	64	case	_	_
63	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	64	amod	_	_
64	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	61	nmod	_	_
65	of	of	ADP	IN	_	66	case	_	_
66	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	64	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	72	punct	_	_
68	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	72	cc	_	_
69	of	of	ADP	IN	_	70	case	_	_
70	substances	substance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	72	obl	_	_
71	incalculably	incalculably	ADV	RB	_	72	advmod	_	_
72	precious	precious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
73	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	80	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
74	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	76	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
75	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	76	det	_	_
76	beauty	beauty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	80	nsubj	_	_
77	of	of	ADP	IN	_	78	case	_	_
78	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	76	nmod	_	_
79	incomparably	incomparably	ADV	RB	_	80	advmod	_	_
80	exceeds	exceed	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
81	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	80	obj	_	_
82	in	in	ADP	IN	_	84	case	_	_
83	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	84	det	_	_
84	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	81	nmod	_	_
85	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	88	cc	_	_
86	in	in	ADP	IN	_	88	case	_	_
87	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	88	det	_	_
88	sphere	sphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	84	conj	_	_
89	of	of	ADP	IN	_	90	case	_	_
90	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	88	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
91	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	97	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
92	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	94	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
93	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	94	det	_	_
94	fragrance	fragrance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	97	nsubj	_	_
95	of	of	ADP	IN	_	96	case	_	_
96	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	94	nmod	_	_
97	perfumes	perfume	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	80	conj	_	_
98	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	100	det:predet	_	_
99	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	100	det	_	_
100	worlds	world	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	97	obj	_	_
101	of	of	ADP	IN	_	104	case	_	_
102	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	104	det	_	_
103	Ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	104	nummod	_	_
104	Directions	direction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	100	nmod	_	_
105	of	of	ADP	IN	_	106	case	_	_
106	Space	Space	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	104	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
107	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	109	punct	_	_
108	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	109	cc	_	_
109	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	ccomp	_	_
110	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	111	nsubj	_	_
111	perceive	perceive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	109	acl:relcl	_	_
112	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	117	mark	_	_
113	odor	odor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	114	compound	_	_
114	practise	practise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	117	compound	_	_
115	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	114	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
116	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	115	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
117	deeds	deed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	111	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
118	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | flame |  | us |  |  | about that Incense Paradise | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent we=Recipient about paradise=Topic |
| 2 | **remind** *speech: other* | ought · passive | the perfume of earthly incense | every believer |  |  |  | of that Incense Paradise | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient PP.topic»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient of which=Topic |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | flame |  |  |  |  | the Second Vow for the Attainment of the Paradise of Wondrous Incense *ccomp* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **write** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | believer |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **form** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | that Paradise |  |  |  | of hundreds of thousands of different kinds of incense | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 6 | **exceed** *in a quote* | present | the beauty of Paradise | anything |  |  |  | in the heavens or the sphere of man; incomparably *property* | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot anything=Theme in heaven=Attribute |
| 7 | **perfume** *in a quote* | present | the fragrance of Paradise | all worlds of the Ten Directions of Space |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent world=Destination |
| 8 | **perceive** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  | who *nsubj*; practise deeds *advcl* | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 9 | **perfume** |  |  | earthly incense |  |  |  |  | nom perfume «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 10 | **attain** *in a quote* |  |  | the Paradise of Wondrous Incense |  |  |  |  | nom attainment «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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