---
title: Buddhist priests have long enjoyed a reputation as teachers of the l… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Buddhist priests have long enjoyed a reputation as teachers of the latter. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 171

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Buddhist priests have long enjoyed a reputation as teachers of the latter.

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**What happens:** enjoy · **To what, where:** Buddhist priests

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:174
# text = Buddhist priests have long enjoyed a reputation as teachers of the latter.
1	Buddhist	buddhist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	priests	priest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
5	enjoyed	enjoy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	reputation	reputation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	teachers	teacher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enjoy** | present · perfect · passive |  | Buddhist priests |  |  |  | a reputation *obj*; long *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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