---
title: Then the host, or the person appointed to act as incense-burner, pre… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the host, or the person appointed to act as incense-burner, prepares a package of the incense classed as No 1, kindles it in a censer, and passes the censer to the guest occupying the first seat,[5] with the announcement—“This is incense No 1” The guest receives the censer according to the grac
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 185

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then the host, or the person appointed to act as incense-burner, prepares a package of the incense classed as No 1, kindles it in a censer, and passes the censer to the guest occupying the first seat,\[5\] with the announcement—“This is incense No 1” The guest receives the censer according to the graceful etiquette required in the \_kō-kwai\_, inhales the perfume, and passes on the vessel to his neighbor, who receives it in like manner and passes it to the third guest, who presents it to the fourth,—and so on.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, host, guest, neighbor, third guest · **What happens:** appoint, act, prepare, class, kindle, pass · **To what, where:** host, package, incense, person, censer, first seat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (person, host, guest, neighbor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:188
# text = Then the host, or the person appointed to act as incense-burner, prepares a package of the incense classed as No 1, kindles it in a censer, and passes the censer to the guest occupying the first seat,[5] with the announcement—“This is incense No 1” The guest receives the censer according to the graceful etiquette required in the _kō-kwai_, inhales the perfume, and passes on the vessel to his neighbor, who receives it in like manner and passes it to the third guest, who presents it to the fourth,—and so on.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	appointed	appoint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	act	act	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	burner	burner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
16	prepares	prepare	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	package	package	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	classed	class	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	acl	_	_
23	as	as	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	25	det	_	_
25	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	kindles	kindle	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
28	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	censer	censer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	parataxis	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	censer	censer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
37	to	to	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	guest	guest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
40	occupying	occupy	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	39	acl	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	43	amod	_	_
43	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	46	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	39	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	46	punct	_	_
48	with	with	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	announcement	announcement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	55	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	55	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	55	det	_	_
54	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	55	cop	_	_
55	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	parataxis	_	_
56	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	57	det	_	_
57	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	55	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	57	punct	_	_
59	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	60	det	_	_
60	guest	guest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	61	nsubj	_	_
61	receives	receive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	55	acl:relcl	_	_
62	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	63	det	_	_
63	censer	censer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	61	obj	_	_
64	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	68	case	_	_
65	to	to	ADP	IN	_	64	fixed	_	_
66	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	68	det	_	_
67	graceful	graceful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	68	amod	_	_
68	etiquette	etiquette	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	63	nmod	_	_
69	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	68	acl	_	_
70	in	in	ADP	IN	_	75	case	_	_
71	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	75	det	_	_
72	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	75	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
73	kō	kō	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	75	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
74	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	73	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
75	kwai	kwai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	69	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
76	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	69	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
77	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	78	punct	_	_
78	inhales	inhale	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	61	advcl	_	_
79	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	80	det	_	_
80	perfume	perfume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	78	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
81	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	83	punct	_	_
82	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	83	cc	_	_
83	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	parataxis	_	_
84	on	on	ADP	IN	_	86	case	_	_
85	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	86	det	_	_
86	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	83	obl	_	_
87	to	to	ADP	IN	_	89	case	_	_
88	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	89	nmod:poss	_	_
89	neighbor	neighbor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	83	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
90	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	92	punct	_	_
91	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	92	nsubj	_	_
92	receives	receive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	89	acl:relcl	_	_
93	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	92	obj	_	_
94	in	in	ADP	RP	_	92	compound:prt	_	_
95	like	like	ADP	IN	_	96	case	_	_
96	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	92	obl	_	_
97	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	98	cc	_	_
98	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	83	conj	_	_
99	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	98	obj	_	_
100	to	to	ADP	IN	_	103	case	_	_
101	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	103	det	_	_
102	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	103	amod	_	_
103	guest	guest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	98	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
104	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	106	punct	_	_
105	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	106	nsubj	_	_
106	presents	present	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	103	acl:relcl	_	_
107	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	106	obj	_	_
108	to	to	ADP	IN	_	110	case	_	_
109	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	110	det	_	_
110	fourth	fourth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	106	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
111	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	110	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
112	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	115	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
113	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	115	cc	_	_
114	so	so	ADV	RB	_	115	advmod	_	_
115	on	on	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
116	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **appoint** | past | the person | the host *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **act** | to-infinitive | the person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as incense burner | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as burner=Attribute |
| 3 | **prepare** | present | the host | a package of the incense |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent package=Patient |
| 4 | **class** | participle |  | the incense *not said here* |  |  |  | as no 1 *goal* | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent as 1=Goal |
| 5 | **kindle** | present | the host *not said here* | person |  | a censer |  |  | vn engender-27.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition it=Patient |
| 6 | **pass** | present |  | the censer |  |  |  | to the guest; with the announcement | tree rules |
| 7 | **occupy** | gerund | the guest *not said here* | the first seat |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus seat=Experiencer |
| 8 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | this incense |  |  |  | no 1 *nmod* | tree rules |
| 9 | **receive** | present | the guest | the censer |  |  |  | accord the graceful etiquette | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent censer=Theme |
| 10 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 11 | **require** | participle |  | the graceful etiquette *not said here* |  | the kō kwai |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 12 | **inhale** | present | the guest *not said here* | the perfume |  |  |  |  | vn exhale-40.1.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent perfume=Theme |
| 13 | **pass** | present |  |  |  | the vessel |  | to host's neighbor | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on vessel=Location |
| 14 | **receive in** | present | host's neighbor | person |  |  |  | like manner | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 15 | **pass** | present |  | person | the third guest |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to guest=Recipient |
| 16 | **present** | present | the third guest | person | the fourth |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to fourth=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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