---
title: Under the stars they climbed,—fast, fast,—mounting by help of power… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Under the stars they climbed,—fast, fast,—mounting by help of power superhuman. Who acts: Stars. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 19

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Under the stars they climbed,—fast, fast,—mounting by help of power superhuman.

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**Who acts:** Stars · **What happens:** climb, help · **To what, where:** stars, power superhuman

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:19
# text = Under the stars they climbed,—fast, fast,—mounting by help of power superhuman.
1	Under	under	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	mounting	mounting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	superhuman	superhuman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | past | Stars *= star* |  |  | the stars |  | by help of power superhuman; fast *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under star=Trajectory |
| 2 | **help** |  |  | power superhuman |  |  |  |  | nom help «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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