---
title: If, for example, he thinks the incense to be “guest-incense,” he dro… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: If, for example, he thinks the incense to be “guest-incense,” he drops into the box that one of his tablets marked with the ideograph meaning “guest;” or if he believes that he has inhaled the perfume of No. 2, he puts into the box a tablet numbered “2.” Who acts: set, ideograph, tablet. A sentence 
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 198

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If, for example, he thinks the incense to be “guest-incense,” he drops into the box that one of his tablets marked with the ideograph meaning “guest;” or if he believes that he has inhaled the perfume of No. 2, he puts into the box a tablet numbered “2.”

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**Who acts:** set, ideograph, tablet · **What happens:** think, be, drop, mark, mean, believe · **To what, where:** incense, guest incense, box, guest, perfume, 2 · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (set, ideograph, tablet), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:201
# text = If, for example, he thinks the incense to be “guest-incense,” he drops into the box that one of his tablets marked with the ideograph meaning “guest;” or if he believes that he has inhaled the perfume of No. 2, he puts into the box a tablet numbered “2.”
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	cop	_	_
12	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	guest	guest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	incense	incense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	drops	drop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	into	into	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
24	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	conj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	tablets	tablet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
28	marked	mark	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	acl	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	ideograph	ideograph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
32	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	31	acl	_	_
33	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	guest	guest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	_
37	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
38	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
39	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
40	believes	believe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	52	advcl	_	_
41	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	44	mark	_	_
42	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	nsubj	_	_
43	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	44	aux	_	_
44	inhaled	inhale	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	40	ccomp	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	perfume	perfume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obj	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
48	No.	no.	NOUN	NN	Abbr=Yes|Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	_
49	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	48	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
51	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	nsubj	_	_
52	puts	put	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
53	into	into	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	obl	_	_
56	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
57	tablet	tablet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	appos	_	_
58	numbered	number	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	57	acl	_	_
59	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	60	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	58	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* *a condition, not said to happen* | present | set | the incense |  |  |  | for example | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot incense=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | to-infinitive |  | guest incense |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **drop** | present | set |  |  | the box |  | one of set's tablets *conj* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into box=Trajectory |
| 4 | **mark** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with the ideograph | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent with ideograph=Theme |
| 5 | **mean** | gerund | the ideograph *not said here* | guest |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent guest=Topic |
| 6 | **believe** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | set |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 7 | **inhale** | present · perfect | set | the perfume of No. |  |  |  |  | vn exhale-40.1.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent perfume=Theme |
| 8 | **put** | present | set |  |  | the box |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **number** | participle | a tablet *not said here* | 2 |  |  |  |  | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2=Theme |
| 10 | **perfume** |  |  | No. |  |  |  |  | nom perfume «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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