---
title: The olfactory nerves are apt to become somewhat numbed long before t… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: The olfactory nerves are apt to become somewhat numbed long before the game is concluded; and, therefore it is customary during the _Kō-kwai_ to rinse the mouth at intervals with pure vinegar, by which operation the sensitivity is partially restored. Who acts: olfactory nerves, game, operation. A se
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 207

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The olfactory nerves are apt to become somewhat numbed long before the game is concluded; and, therefore it is customary during the \_Kō-kwai\_ to rinse the mouth at intervals with pure vinegar, by which operation the sensitivity is partially restored.

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**Who acts:** olfactory nerves, game, operation · **What happens:** be, become, numb, conclude, rinse, restore · **To what, where:** game, customary, mouth, intervals, sensitivity

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (olfactory nerves, game, operation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:210
# text = The olfactory nerves are apt to become somewhat numbed long before the game is concluded; and, therefore it is customary during the _Kō-kwai_ to rinse the mouth at intervals with pure vinegar, by which operation the sensitivity is partially restored.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	olfactory	olfactory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	nerves	nerve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	apt	apt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	somewhat	somewhat	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	numbed	numb	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	xcomp	_	_
10	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
11	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	concluded	conclude	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
19	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	customary	customary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
23	during	during	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
25	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	Kō	Kō	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	kwai	kwai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	31	punct	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	rinse	rinse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	22	parataxis	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
34	at	at	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	intervals	interval	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	_
36	with	with	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	vinegar	vinegar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
40	by	by	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	42	det	_	_
42	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nsubj:pass	_	_
45	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	47	aux:pass	_	_
46	partially	partially	ADV	RB	_	47	advmod	_	_
47	restored	restore	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	42	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the olfactory nerves |  |  |  |  | apt *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | to-infinitive | the olfactory nerves *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **numb** | participle | the olfactory nerves *not said here* |  |  |  |  | long, somewhat *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **conclude** | present · passive |  | the game |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **is a** | present | game | customary |  |  | during the Kō kwai | therefore *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **rinse** | to-infinitive |  | the mouth |  | intervals |  | with pure vinegar; by which operation | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent mouth=Source |
| 7 | **restore** | present · passive | which operation *not said here* | the sensitivity |  |  |  | partially *property* | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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