---
title: “Linger not thus, my son!” urged the voice of the teacher;—“the summ… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: “Linger not thus, my son!” urged the voice of the teacher;—“the summit that we must gain is very far away!” Who acts: summit. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 23

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“Linger not thus, my son!” urged the voice of the teacher;—“the summit that we must gain is very far away!”

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**Who acts:** summit · **What happens:** not linger, urge, gain, be · **To what, where:** voice

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (summit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:23
# text = “Linger not thus, my son!” urged the voice of the teacher;—“the summit that we must gain is very far away!”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Linger	linger	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
4	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
10	urged	urge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	summit	summit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
22	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	gain	gain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	acl:relcl	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
26	very	very	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	28	advmod	_	_
28	away	away	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **linger** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | my son *vocative*; thus *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **urge** | past |  | the voice of the teacher |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP that S»: agent=Agent voice=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **gain** *in a quote* | must | the summit |  |  |  |  | we *nsubj* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the summit |  |  |  |  | away, far *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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