---
title: On through the dark they climbed,—and felt continually beneath them… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: On through the dark they climbed,—and felt continually beneath them the soft strange breakings,—and saw the icy fires worm and die,—till the rim of the night turned grey, and the stars began to fail, and the east began to bloom. Who acts: Stars, night, east. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafca
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 24

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On through the dark they climbed,—and felt continually beneath them the soft strange breakings,—and saw the icy fires worm and die,—till the rim of the night turned grey, and the stars began to fail, and the east began to bloom.

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**Who acts:** Stars, night, east · **What happens:** climb, feel, see, die, turn, begin · **To what, where:** dark, soft strange breakings, fires worm

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stars, night, east), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:24
# text = On through the dark they climbed,—and felt continually beneath them the soft strange breakings,—and saw the icy fires worm and die,—till the rim of the night turned grey, and the stars began to fail, and the east began to bloom.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	through	through	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	continually	continually	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	breakings	breaking	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	fires	fire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	compound	_	_
25	worm	worm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	till	till	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	rim	rim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
33	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	36	mark	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
36	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	advcl	_	_
37	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nsubj	_	_
42	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
43	to	to	PART	TO	_	44	mark	_	_
44	fail	fail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	42	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	nsubj	_	_
49	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
50	to	to	PART	TO	_	51	mark	_	_
51	bloom	bloom	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	49	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | past | Stars *= star* |  |  | the dark |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on dark=Trajectory |
| 2 | **feel** | past | Stars *= star* *not said here* | the soft strange breakings |  |  |  | beneath Stars *= star*; continually *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent beneath they=Location |
| 3 | **see** | past |  | fires worm and the rim |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer worm=Stimulus |
| 4 | **die** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 5 | **turn** | past | the night |  |  |  |  | grey *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **begin** | past | the stars |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 7 | **fail** | to-infinitive | the stars *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **begin** | past | the east |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 9 | **bloom** | to-infinitive | the east *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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