---
title: But misfortunes visited her when her youth had passed; and, after ha… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: But misfortunes visited her when her youth had passed; and, after having been reduced to the uttermost want, she became a beggar, and died at last upon the public highway, near Kyōto. Who acts: misfortunes, youth, Komachi. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening, with its depende
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Opening, sentence 89

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But misfortunes visited her when her youth had passed; and, after having been reduced to the uttermost want, she became a beggar, and died at last upon the public highway, near Kyōto.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** misfortunes, youth, Komachi · **What happens:** visit, pass, reduce, want, become, die · **To what, where:** Komachi, uttermost, beggar, last

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (misfortunes, youth, Komachi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:1:90
# text = But misfortunes visited her when her youth had passed; and, after having been reduced to the uttermost want, she became a beggar, and died at last upon the public highway, near Kyōto.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	misfortunes	misfortune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	aux	_	_
15	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	uttermost	uttermost	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	obl	_	_
20	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	parataxis	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	beggar	beggar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
29	at	at	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	obl	_	_
31	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	highway	highway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	near	near	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	Kyōto	Kyōto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | past | misfortunes | Komachi |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **pass** | past · perfect | Komachi's youth |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **reduce** | gerund · perfect · passive | misfortunes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the uttermost *goal* | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S\_ING»: to uttermost=Goal |
| 4 | **want** | present | misfortunes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 5 | **become** | past | Komachi | a beggar |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **die** | past | Komachi *not said here* |  |  | last |  | upon the public highway; near Kyōto | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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