---
title: Like the single stroke of a temple-bell, the perfect short poem shou… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Like the single stroke of a temple-bell, the perfect short poem should set murmuring and undulating, in the mind of the hearer, many a ghostly aftertone of long duration. Who acts: perfect short poem, many. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 8, with its 
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 8, sentence 26

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Like the single stroke of a temple-bell, the perfect short poem should set murmuring and undulating, in the mind of the hearer, many a ghostly aftertone of long duration.

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**Who acts:** perfect short poem, many · **What happens:** set, murmur, undulate, aftertone, stroke, mind · **To what, where:** mind, temple bell, hearer

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (perfect short poem, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:10:26
# text = Like the single stroke of a temple-bell, the perfect short poem should set murmuring and undulating, in the mind of the hearer, many a ghostly aftertone of long duration.
1	Like	like	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	stroke	stroke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	temple	temple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	perfect	perfect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
17	murmuring	murmur	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	xcomp	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	undulating	undulate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	hearer	hearer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	nsubj	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	ghostly	ghostly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	aftertone	aftertone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	duration	duration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | should | the perfect short poem |  |  |  |  | like the single stroke of a temple bell | tree rules |
| 2 | **murmur** *speech: other* | gerund | the perfect short poem *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **undulate** | gerund | the perfect short poem *not said here* |  |  | the mind of the hearer |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mind=Location |
| 4 | **aftertone** |  | many |  |  |  |  | of long duration | tree rules |
| 5 | **stroke** |  |  | a temple bell |  |  |  |  | nom stroke «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 6 | **mind** |  |  | the hearer |  |  |  |  | nom mind «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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