---
title: Japanese pictures, a full comprehension of them requires an intimate… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Japanese pictures, a full comprehension of them requires an intimate knowledge of the life which they reflect. Who acts: Japanese pictures, intimate knowledge. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 8, sentence 29

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Japanese pictures, a full comprehension of them requires an intimate knowledge of the life which they reflect.

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**Who acts:** Japanese pictures, intimate knowledge · **What happens:** require, reflect, comprehend · **To what, where:** intimate knowledge, poems

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Japanese pictures, intimate knowledge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:10:29
# text = Japanese pictures, a full comprehension of them requires an intimate knowledge of the life which they reflect.
1	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	_
9	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	intimate	intimate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	reflect	reflect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present | Japanese pictures  a full comprehension of poems | a intimate knowledge of the life |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme knowledge=Precondition |
| 2 | **reflect** | present | a intimate knowledge of the life |  |  |  |  | poems *= poem* *nsubj* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **comprehend** |  |  | poems *= poem* |  |  |  |  | nom comprehension «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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