---
title: Whatever I attempt in this direction must of necessity be _ittakkiri… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Whatever I attempt in this direction must of necessity be _ittakkiri;_—for the unspoken has to be expressed; and what the Japanese poet is able to say in seventeen or twenty-one syllables may need in English more than double that number of words. Who acts: I, unspoken, syllables. A sentence of «In G
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Names of Incense Used., part 8, sentence 56

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Whatever I attempt in this direction must of necessity be \_ittakkiri;\_—for the unspoken has to be expressed; and what the Japanese poet is able to say in seventeen or twenty-one syllables may need in English more than double that number of words.

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**Who acts:** I, unspoken, syllables · **What happens:** attempt, be, have, express, say, need · **To what, where:** Whatever, direction, ittakkiri, more, seventeen, number · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Names of Incense Used., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, unspoken, syllables), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:10:57
# text = Whatever I attempt in this direction must of necessity be _ittakkiri;_—for the unspoken has to be expressed; and what the Japanese poet is able to say in seventeen or twenty-one syllables may need in English more than double that number of words.
1	Whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	obj	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	attempt	attempt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	necessity	necessity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
11	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	ittakkiri	ittakkiri	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	unspoken	unspoken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	nsubj	_	_
19	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
21	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	expressed	express	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
25	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	30	nsubj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	poet	poet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
29	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
30	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
32	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	xcomp	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	seventeen	seventeen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	41	obl	_	_
35	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
36	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	38	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	34	conj	_	_
39	syllables	syllable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nsubj	_	_
40	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
41	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	ccomp	_	_
42	in	in	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
44	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	41	obj	_	_
45	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	46	mark	_	_
46	double	double	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	44	advcl	_	_
47	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	48	det	_	_
48	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obj	_	_
49	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attempt** | present | I | Whatever |  | this direction |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whatever=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is a** | must |  | ittakkiri |  |  |  | of necessity | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | the unspoken |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **express** | to-infinitive · passive | the unspoken *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP» |
| 5 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | what *nsubj*; the Japanese poet *nsubj*; able *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 7 | **need** | may | syllables | more |  | seventeen |  | in English | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot more=Theme |
| 8 | **double** | infinitive | syllables *not said here* | that number of words |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent number=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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