---
title: _The garden that once I loved, and even the hedge of the garden,— Al… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: _The garden that once I loved, and even the hedge of the garden,— All is changed and strange: the moonlight only is faithful;— The moon alone remembers the charm of the time gone by! Who acts: I, moonlight, moon. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, After Long Absence, with its depend
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, After Long Absence, sentence 1

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\_The garden that once I loved, and even the hedge of the garden,— All is changed and strange: the moonlight only is faithful;— The moon alone remembers the charm of the time gone by!

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**Who acts:** I, moonlight, moon · **What happens:** love, change, be, remember, go by · **To what, where:** garden, All, charm, time

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, After Long Absence. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, moonlight, moon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:15:1
# text = _The garden that once I loved, and even the hedge of the garden,— All is changed and strange: the moonlight only is faithful;— The moon alone remembers the charm of the time gone by!
1	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	obj	_	_
5	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	7	advmod	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	loved	love	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	even	even	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	moonlight	moonlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
26	only	only	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
28	faithful	faithful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
31	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
33	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
34	remembers	remember	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	charm	charm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
40	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	39	acl	_	_
41	by	by	ADP	IN	_	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | past | I | the garden and the hedge of the garden |  |  |  | once *property* | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |
| 2 | **change** | present · passive |  | All |  |  |  | the garden and the hedge of the garden *obl* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | present | the moonlight |  |  |  |  | faithful *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **remember** | present | the moon | the charm of the time |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent charm=Theme |
| 5 | **go by** | participle |  | the time *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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