---
title: Boundaries all have vanished;—nothing tells of direction: Only the w… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: Boundaries all have vanished;—nothing tells of direction: Only the waste of sea under the shining moon! Who acts: Boundaries, nothing. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, After Farewell, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, After Farewell, sentence 2

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Boundaries all have vanished;—nothing tells of direction: Only the waste of sea under the shining moon!

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**Who acts:** Boundaries, nothing · **What happens:** vanish, tell, shine · **To what, where:** shining moon · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, After Farewell. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Boundaries, nothing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:17:2
# text = Boundaries all have vanished;—nothing tells of direction: Only the waste of sea under the shining moon!
1	Boundaries	boundary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	all	all	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	vanished	vanish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	8	nsubj	_	_
8	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	parataxis	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	under	under	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	amod	_	_
20	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vanish** | present · perfect | Boundaries |  |  |  |  | all *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | nothing |  |  | the shining moon |  | of direction; the waste of sea *parataxis* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **shine** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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