---
title: _(1) Faded the clover now;—sere and withered the grasses: What dream… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: _(1) Faded the clover now;—sere and withered the grasses: What dreams the matsumushi_[3] _in the desolate autumn-fields? Who acts: _. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Autumn Fancies, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Autumn Fancies, sentence 1

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\_(1) Faded the clover now;—sere and withered the grasses: What dreams the matsumushi\_\[3\] \_in the desolate autumn-fields?

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**Who acts:** \_ · **What happens:** fade, wither, dream, desolate · **To what, where:** clover, grasses, matsumushi, desolate autumn fields

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Autumn Fancies. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (\_), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:19:1
# text = _(1) Faded the clover now;—sere and withered the grasses: What dreams the matsumushi_[3] _in the desolate autumn-fields?
1	_	_	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Faded	fade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	clover	clover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	sere	sere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	withered	wither	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	grasses	grass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	18	nsubj	_	_
18	dreams	dream	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	matsumushi	matsumushi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	23	punct	_	_
25	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
28	desolate	desolate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	compound	_	_
29	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fade** | past | \_ | the clover |  |  | now | sere *obl* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent clover=Patient |
| 2 | **wither** | past | \_ *not said here* | the grasses |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **dream** | present |  | the matsumushi |  | the desolate autumn fields |  | 3 *obl*; What *nsubj* | vn cognize-85 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent matsumushi=Topic |
| 4 | **desolate** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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