---
title: O poor singer of summer, Wherefore thus consume all thy body in song? — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: O poor singer of summer, Wherefore thus consume all thy body in song? Who acts: poor singer. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, On the Cast-off Shell of a Sémi, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, On the Cast-off Shell of a Sémi, sentence 2

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O poor singer of summer, Wherefore thus consume all thy body in song?

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**Who acts:** poor singer · **What happens:** consume · **To what, where:** body, song

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, On the Cast-off Shell of a Sémi. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poor singer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:21:2
# text = O poor singer of summer, Wherefore thus consume all thy body in song?
1	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	_
2	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	singer	singer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	Wherefore	wherefore	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	consume	consume	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
11	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consume** | infinitive | poor singer of summer | thy body |  | song |  | thus, wherefore *property* | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Asset |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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