---
title: It usually signifies evil karma; _kwahō_ being the term used in spea… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: It usually signifies evil karma; _kwahō_ being the term used in speaking of meritorious karma and its results. Who acts: word. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1, sentence 147

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It usually signifies evil karma; \_kwahō\_ being the term used in speaking of meritorious karma and its results.

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**Who acts:** word · **What happens:** signify, be, use, speak, result · **To what, where:** evil karma, term, speaking, meritorious karma · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (word), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:24:148
# text = It usually signifies evil karma; _kwahō_ being the term used in speaking of meritorious karma and its results.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	signifies	signify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	karma	karma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	kwahō	kwahō	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	12	punct	_	_
10	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	cop	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	speaking	speaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	meritorious	meritorious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	karma	karma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | present | word | evil karma |  |  |  | kwahō *obl*; usually *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot karma=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | gerund |  | the term |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | the term *not said here* |  | speaking of meritorious karma and word's results |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **speak** |  |  | meritorious karma |  |  |  |  | nom speaking «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **result** |  | word |  |  |  |  |  | nom result «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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