---
title: This proverb refers directly to the sutra-text,—_Shōja hitsumetsu é-… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: This proverb refers directly to the sutra-text,—_Shōja hitsumetsu é-sha-jori_,—” All that live must surely die; and all that meet will surely part.” Who acts: proverb, Shōja, that. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1, with it
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1, sentence 37

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This proverb refers directly to the sutra-text,—\_Shōja hitsumetsu é-sha-jori\_,—” All that live must surely die; and all that meet will surely part.”

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**Who acts:** proverb, Shōja, that · **What happens:** refer, live, die, meet · **To what, where:** part · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (proverb, Shōja, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:24:38
# text = This proverb refers directly to the sutra-text,—_Shōja hitsumetsu é-sha-jori_,—” All that live must surely die; and all that meet will surely part.”
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	proverb	proverb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	refers	refer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	sutra	sutra	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Shōja	Shōja	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nsubj:outer	_	_
14	hitsumetsu	hitsumetsu	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	13	dep	_	_
15	é	é	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	sha	sha	X	FW	_	15	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	jori	jori	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
24	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	26	det:predet	_	_
25	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
26	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
27	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
28	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	34	det:predet	_	_
33	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	nsubj	_	_
34	meet	meet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
35	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
36	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
37	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** | present | this proverb |  |  |  |  | to the sutra text; directly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** *in a quote* | present | Shōja |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **die** *in a quote* | must | Shōja |  |  |  |  | surely *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **meet** *in a quote* | present | that | part |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Co-Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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