---
title: One monkey suspended himself by the tail from a branch overhanging t… — In Ghostly Japan · tree and pragmatics
description: One monkey suspended himself by the tail from a branch overhanging the well, a second monkey clung to the first, a third to the second, a fourth to the third, and so on,—till the long chain of bodies had almost reached the water. Who acts: One monkey, branch. A sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafc
---

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# In Ghostly Japan, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1, sentence 66

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One monkey suspended himself by the tail from a branch overhanging the well, a second monkey clung to the first, a third to the second, a fourth to the third, and so on,—till the long chain of bodies had almost reached the water.

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**Who acts:** One monkey, branch · **What happens:** suspend, overhang, cling, reach · **To what, where:** circle, branch, well, second monkey, long chain

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This is a sentence of «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Morning Awakening After a Night’s Rest in a Temple, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One monkey, branch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8128:24:67
# text = One monkey suspended himself by the tail from a branch overhanging the well, a second monkey clung to the first, a third to the second, a fourth to the third, and so on,—till the long chain of bodies had almost reached the water.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	monkey	monkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	suspended	suspend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	overhanging	overhang	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	well	well	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	17	amod	_	_
17	monkey	monkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
18	clung	cling	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	third	third	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	fourth	fourth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	appos	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
36	so	so	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
37	on	on	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	43	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	till	till	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	nsubj:pass	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nmod	_	_
46	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	48	aux	_	_
47	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	48	advmod	_	_
48	reached	reach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suspend** | past | One monkey | circle |  | a branch |  | by the tail | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent himself=Theme from branch=Source |
| 2 | **overhang** | gerund | a branch *not said here* | the well and a second monkey and a third to the second |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme well=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **cling** | participle |  | a second monkey *not said here* |  |  |  | to the first | vn cling-22.5 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to first=Co-Theme |
| 4 | **reach** | past · perfect · passive |  | the long chain of bodies |  |  |  | the water *obj*; almost *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary water=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «In Ghostly Japan» by Lafcadio Hearn, Project Gutenberg book 8128 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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